The Overseas Registration Exam (ORE): Complete Preparation Guide for Dentists in 2025

Introduction: Understanding the ORE Landscape in 2025

The Overseas Registration Exam (ORE) remains the primary pathway for non-UK/EEA qualified dentists seeking to practice in the United Kingdom. As of 2025, this challenging assessment continues to be a critical step in addressing the UK’s ongoing dental workforce shortages while ensuring international dentists meet the rigorous standards required for safe practice.

According to the General Dental Council’s (GDC) latest statistics, approximately 8,000 overseas dentists are currently in various stages of the ORE process, with only about 400-450 candidates successfully completing both parts each year. The overall pass rate stands at approximately 51% for Part 1 and 70% for Part 2, highlighting the exam’s significant difficulty level and the importance of thorough preparation.

Recent changes to the ORE system in 2025 include increased examination capacity, streamlined application processes, and updated clinical scenarios reflecting contemporary UK dental practice. This guide provides a comprehensive roadmap for overseas dentists navigating the ORE, from eligibility requirements through to successful registration with the GDC.

ORE Eligibility and Application Process

Who Can Apply for the ORE?

To be eligible for the ORE, you must:

1. Hold a primary dental qualification from a recognized institution outside the UK/EEA
2. Provide evidence of your qualification through a Certificate of Good Standing from your dental regulator
3. Meet English language requirements (IELTS 7.0 overall with no section below 6.5, or OET Grade B in all sections)
4. Have the right to practice dentistry in your country of qualification
5. Be at least 12 months post-qualification as a dentist by the application date

 

Exemptions from the ORE

You may be exempt from taking the ORE if:

• You qualified in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, or South Africa before specified dates (check the GDC website for current exemption details)
• You hold specialist qualifications recognized through specific international agreements
• You have successfully completed the License in Dental Surgery (LDS) examination offered by the Royal College of Surgeons

Application Process and Timeline

The ORE application process involves several steps:

1. Pre-application preparation (1-2 months)

• Gather required documentation
• Pass English language requirements
• Verify eligibility with the GDC

2. Official application (2-4 weeks)

• Create an account on the GDC’s application portal
• Complete the online application form
• Submit supporting documentation
• Pay the application assessment fee (£96 as of August 2025)

3. Application review (4-6 weeks)

• GDC evaluates your qualifications and documentation
• Additional information may be requested
• Eligibility confirmation is issued

4. Examination booking (varies based on waiting list)

• Join the waiting list for Part 1 examination
• Receive notification of available exam dates
• Pay examination fees and confirm attendance

Important Note: As of 2025, the waiting list for Part 1 examinations is approximately 12-18 months. Planning ahead is essential, as is keeping your contact information updated with the GDC to maintain your position on the waiting list.

Required Documentation

Prepare the following documents for your ORE application:

• Proof of identity: Valid passport or national identity card
• Primary dental qualification: Original degree certificate and official translation if not in English
• Evidence of registration: Certificate of Good Standing from your dental regulator (issued within the last three months)
• English language test certificate: Valid IELTS or OET results
• Proof of name change: If applicable (marriage certificate, legal name change document)
• CV/Resume: Detailing your professional experience and education

All documents must be notarized or certified copies unless otherwise specified by the GDC.

Associated Costs (2025 Figures)

The total cost of completing the ORE process can be substantial:

Stage	Cost (£)	Notes
Initial application assessment	£96	Non-refundable
Part 1 examination	£806	Per attempt
Part 2 examination	£2,929	Per attempt
GDC registration fee	£890	Upon successful completion
Annual retention fee	£680	Payable each year after registration

Additional costs to consider include:

• English language testing (£195-£350 depending on test chosen)
• Preparation courses (£500-£3,000 depending on provider)
• Study materials (£300-£600)
• Travel and accommodation for examinations
• Potential costs of multiple attempts

 

ORE Part 1: Written Examination

Examination Format and Content

Part 1 of the ORE is a written examination testing theoretical knowledge across the full scope of dentistry. The 2025 format consists of:

• Paper A: 100 single best answer multiple-choice questions (2 hours)
• Paper B: 100 single best answer multiple-choice questions (2 hours)

The questions assess knowledge across the following domains:

1. Medical and Clinical Subjects:

• Human disease
• Dental-related anatomy and physiology
• Pathology and microbiology
• Pharmacology and therapeutics

2. Law, Ethics, and Professionalism:

• UK dental regulations
• Patient confidentiality
• Informed consent
• Professional responsibilities

3. Clinical Dentistry:

• Restorative dentistry
• Prosthodontics
• Endodontics
• Oral surgery
• Oral medicine
• Periodontology
• Pediatric dentistry
• Orthodontics
• Dental materials
• Radiography and radiology
• Dental public health

Scoring System

The Part 1 examination uses a criterion-referenced standard setting method:

• Both papers are marked separately
• A pass mark is determined using a modified Angoff method
• Candidates must achieve the pass mark in both papers to pass Part 1
• Results are typically released 4-6 weeks after the examination
• Feedback is provided for unsuccessful candidates, highlighting areas for improvement

Key Preparation Strategies for Part 1

1. Understand the GDC’s “Preparing for Practice” document

• This outlines the learning outcomes expected of newly qualified dentists in the UK
• Use it as a framework to guide your study

2. Develop a structured study plan

• Allocate 4-6 months for thorough preparation
• Create a subject-by-subject schedule
• Set aside 15-20 hours per week for study

3. Focus on UK-specific practices

• National guidelines (NICE, SDCEP, FGDP)
• NHS regulations and protocols
• UK-specific medications and prescribing practices
• UK dental terminology and abbreviations

4. Utilize high-quality preparation resources

• Official GDC sample questions
• ORE-specific textbooks and courses
• Online question banks with explanatory answers
• UK undergraduate dental textbooks

5. Practice with timed mock examinations

• Simulate examination conditions
• Build stamina for the 4-hour examination day
• Identify knowledge gaps for further study
• Practice the efficient allocation of time (approximately 1.2 minutes per question)

Recommended Study Materials for Part 1

Core Textbooks:

• “Clinical Problem Solving in Dentistry” by Odell and Chaudhry
• “Master Dentistry” series (Volumes 1-3)
• “Oxford Handbook of Clinical Dentistry”
• “Basic Guide to Dental Procedures” by Hollins

Online Resources:

• PassORE question bank
• Oxford Medical Online ORE preparation
• Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh ORE resources
• British Dental Journal articles collection

Professional Guidelines:

• NICE dental guidelines
• SDCEP guidance documents
• Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK) guidelines
• General Dental Council Standards for the Dental Team

ORE Part 2: Practical Assessment

Examination Format and Structure

Part 2 of the ORE is an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) testing practical skills and clinical judgment. The 2025 format includes:

• Duration: Two consecutive days
• Stations: 16-18 stations per day
• Time per station: 10-15 minutes (varies by task)
• Total assessment time: Approximately 5-6 hours per day

Candidates must demonstrate competence across five integrated domains:

1. Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis

• Patient examination
• Radiographic interpretation
• Special tests and investigations
• Differential diagnosis

2. Treatment Planning

• Evidence-based treatment options
• Risk assessment and management
• Patient-centered care principles
• Interdisciplinary approach

3. Clinical Skills

• Conservation procedures on simulation models
• Prosthodontic techniques
• Periodontal assessment and management
• Endodontic procedures
• Surgical techniques

4. Communication Skills

• Patient consultation and explanation
• Obtaining valid consent
• Managing patient expectations
• Interdisciplinary communication

5. Professional Knowledge

• Medical emergencies management
• Cross-infection control
• Record keeping
• Ethical decision-making

Station Types and Assessment Methods

The Part 2 examination includes several types of stations:

1. Manikin-based stations

• Restorative procedures on phantom heads
• Endodontic treatments
• Crown preparation
• Denture adjustments

2. Role-play stations

• Actor patients with scripted scenarios
• Communication and explanation tasks
• Breaking bad news
• Managing difficult situations

3. Static assessment stations

• Radiographic interpretation
• Laboratory work assessment
• Clinical photographs analysis
• Treatment planning from case notes

4. Emergency scenarios

• Medical emergency management
• Simulated patient collapse
• Equipment and drug use
• Team coordination

Scoring System

Part 2 uses a combination of global and analytical marking:

• Each station has specific performance criteria
• Both technical skills and professional approach are assessed
• Standard setting is conducted using the borderline regression method
• Candidates must achieve an overall pass mark across all stations
• Some critical stations may require a minimum performance level

Key Preparation Strategies for Part 2

1. Develop hands-on clinical skills

• Practice on phantom heads and models
• Focus on standard UK preparation designs and techniques
• Master basic clinical procedures to automaticity
• Record your practice sessions for self-assessment

2. Enhance communication skills

• Practice explanations of common procedures
• Develop a structured approach to patient consultations
• Learn key phrases for obtaining consent and providing information
• Practice with non-dental friends to ensure clarity

3. Master UK-specific protocols

• NHS clinical pathways
• Referral criteria and processes
• Prescription writing
• Record-keeping standards

4. Attend specialized courses

• Hands-on ORE preparation courses
• Communication skills workshops
• Medical emergencies training
• OSCE-specific preparation

5. Utilize technology for preparation

• Video demonstrations of procedures
• Virtual OSCE platforms
• Online role-play practice
• Digital radiographic interpretation exercises

Recommended Preparation Resources for Part 2

Practical Training:

• Phantom head courses specifically for ORE Part 2
• Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh practical skills courses
• University-affiliated ORE preparation programs
• Private ORE coaching with experienced UK dentists

Communication Skills Development:

• “Communication Skills for Dental Professionals” courses
• Role-play practice groups
• Recorded patient consultations (with consent for educational use)
• Communication scenarios workbooks

Clinical Reference Materials:

• “Clinical Guide to Oral Diagnosis and Treatment Planning” by Newsome
• “Advanced Operative Dentistry: A Practical Approach” by Ricketts
• “Essentials of Dental Radiography and Radiology” by Whaites
• “Clinical Problem Solving in Periodontology and Implantology” by Palmer and Floyd

 

ORE vs. LDS: Comparing Alternative Pathways

The License in Dental Surgery (LDS) examination offered by the Royal College of Surgeons of England provides an alternative route to GDC registration. Here’s how it compares to the ORE:

Feature	ORE	LDS
Format	Two-part examination (written + OSCE)	Three-part examination (written + OSCE + unseen cases)
Difficulty	High	Very high
Cost	£3,735+ (excluding preparation)	£4,500+ (excluding preparation)
Waiting List	12-18 months for Part 1	6-10 months for Part 1
Pass Rate	51% (Part 1), 70% (Part 2)	45% (Part 1), 60% (Part 2), 65% (Part 3)
Preparation Resources	Abundant	Limited
Recognition	GDC registration only	GDC registration plus prestigious qualification
Examination Frequency	3-4 times per year	1-2 times per year

 

Key considerations when choosing between pathways:

1. Timeline pressure: If you need to register quickly, the potentially shorter waiting list for LDS may be advantageous
2. Budget constraints: ORE has a lower overall cost structure
3. Career aspirations: The prestige of the LDS may benefit certain career trajectories
4. Preparation approach: Consider which examination format better suits your learning style and strengths

From Passing the ORE to GDC Registration

Successfully completing the ORE is a significant achievement, but several steps remain before you can practice dentistry in the UK:

1. GDC Registration Application

After passing Part 2, you must:

• Complete the online GDC registration application
• Submit required documentation (qualification certificates, proof of identity, etc.)
• Provide an updated Certificate of Good Standing (less than three months old)
• Pay the registration fee (£890 as of 2025)
• Complete a criminal records check (DBS)

Processing timeline: 2-4 weeks after submission of complete documentation

2. Professional Indemnity Insurance

Before practicing, you must obtain:

• Professional indemnity insurance from a recognized provider
• Appropriate coverage level based on your intended scope of practice
• Proof of insurance to present to employers

3. NHS Performer Number (if applicable)

If planning to work within the NHS:

• Apply for an NHS performer number through your local NHS England region
• Complete any required induction programs
• Provide evidence of English language proficiency and GDC registration
• Submit references and employment history

Processing timeline: 4-8 weeks typically required

4. Continued Professional Development

From the moment of registration:

• Begin recording CPD activities
• Plan to meet the GDC’s requirement of 100 hours over a 5-year cycle
• Ensure CPD activities cover the GDC’s recommended topics
• Maintain detailed records of all professional development

Practical Tips for ORE Success

Developing an Effective Study Plan

12-Month Preparation Timeline for Part 1:

Timeframe	Focus Areas
Months 1-2	Baseline assessment, core knowledge review, UK dentistry familiarization
Months 3-5	Systematic subject-by-subject study, foundation building
Months 6-8	Practice questions, identification of weak areas, targeted study
Months 9-10	Mock examinations, timed practice, review of mistakes
Months 11-12	Final revision, examination techniques, stress management

 

6-Month Preparation Timeline for Part 2:

Timeframe	Focus Areas
Months 1-2	Clinical skills assessment, practice on basic procedures, communication framework development
Months 3-4	Intensive hands-on practice, scenario-based learning, OSCE station timing practice
Month 5	Mock OSCEs, feedback implementation, refinement of techniques
Month 6	Final polishing of skills, stress management, examination day preparation

Common Mistakes to Avoid

1. Underestimating UK-specific practices

• Don’t assume clinical approaches from your country apply in the UK
• Study UK guidelines and protocols extensively
• Learn NHS terminology and systems

2. Neglecting communication skills

• Technical excellence alone won’t ensure success
• Practice explaining procedures in simple terms
• Develop a patient-centered approach

3. Poor time management in preparation

• Starting too late (less than 4 months before the exam)
• Focusing exclusively on favorite subjects
• Not allowing time for repeated practice

4. Exam day errors

• Reading questions too quickly in Part 1
• Spending too much time on difficult questions
• Poor time management at OSCE stations
• Failing to demonstrate cross-infection control

5. Psychological barriers

• Allowing anxiety to impact performance
• Perfectionism preventing completion of tasks
• Loss of confidence after making an error

Building Resilience and Managing Stress

The ORE journey is challenging, with many candidates requiring multiple attempts. Successful strategies include:

1. Establishing a support network

• Connect with other ORE candidates
• Join preparation groups online
• Maintain contact with family and friends

2. Implementing stress management techniques

• Regular physical exercise
• Mindfulness and meditation
• Adequate sleep and nutrition
• Planned breaks and rewards

3. Developing a growth mindset

• View setbacks as learning opportunities
• Focus on progress rather than perfection
• Celebrate small achievements
• Seek constructive feedback

4. Practical examination day strategies

• Practice in the clothes you’ll wear for the exam
• Familiarize yourself with the examination center location
• Prepare all documents and materials the day before
• Arrive early to acclimatize to the environment

Frequently Asked Questions

How many times can I attempt the ORE?

As of 2025, candidates are permitted a maximum of four attempts at each part of the ORE. After four unsuccessful attempts at either part, you must provide evidence of additional training or education before being permitted further attempts. This limit was introduced to ensure candidates develop the necessary skills rather than relying on multiple attempts.

What is the current waiting list for the ORE?

The current waiting list for Part 1 of the ORE is approximately 12-18 months, while Part 2 typically has a 3-6 month waiting period after passing Part 1. These timeframes can vary based on examination capacity and application volumes. The GDC has implemented measures to increase capacity, but demand continues to exceed available slots.

Is the ORE being replaced in 2025?

No, the ORE is not being replaced in 2025. While the GDC has been consulting on potential reforms to the international registration process, the ORE remains the standard pathway for non-UK/EEA qualified dentists. Some procedural improvements have been implemented, but the fundamental two-part examination structure continues.

How long is a pass in ORE Part 1 valid?

A pass in ORE Part 1 is valid for five years. You must pass Part 2 within this five-year period; otherwise, you will need to retake Part 1. This timeline ensures that your theoretical knowledge remains current while you prepare for and complete the practical assessment.

Can I work as a dental care professional while preparing for the ORE?

As of 2025, overseas-qualified dentists cannot register as Dental Care Professionals (DCPs) while pursuing ORE unless they hold separate, recognized DCP qualifications. The previous pathway allowing dentists to work as dental nurses without formal qualifications was discontinued in 2023.

What happens if I fail one part of the ORE?

If you fail either part of the ORE, you can apply to retake that part (subject to the maximum attempt limits). Detailed feedback is provided to help you identify areas for improvement. Many candidates use their first attempt as a learning experience to familiarize themselves with the examination format and expectations.

Are there any exemptions from parts of the ORE based on experience?

No, there are no partial exemptions from the ORE based on experience. All candidates must complete both parts successfully, regardless of their years of practice or specialist qualifications. The only complete exemptions are for dentists qualified in specific countries before certain dates, as outlined in the eligibility section.

How does the GDC verify my overseas qualification?

The GDC verifies overseas qualifications through:

• Direct communication with issuing institutions
• Verification of Certificates of Good Standing with regulatory authorities
• Authentication of documentation through recognized verification services
• Assessment against established standards for dental education

Conclusion: Charting Your Path to UK Dental Practice

The journey through the Overseas Registration Exam represents a significant investment of time, effort, and resources. However, successful completion opens the door to practicing dentistry in the United Kingdom, a country with a strong professional tradition, excellent continuing education opportunities, and a healthcare system that values dental professionals.

The 2025 landscape for international dentists shows continuing demand for qualified practitioners across the UK, particularly in underserved areas. NHS England reports approximately 1,000 dental vacancies nationwide, creating substantial opportunities for ORE-qualified dentists to establish rewarding careers.

Your Next Steps:

1. Assess your readiness by reviewing the GDC’s “Preparing for Practice” document and taking diagnostic tests
2. Begin the application process well in advance of your target examination date
3. Develop a comprehensive preparation strategy tailored to your learning style and needs
4. Connect with resources and support networks to enhance your preparation
5. Maintain perspective and wellbeing throughout your preparation journey

With methodical preparation, dedication to understanding UK dental practices, and perseverance through challenges, you can join the ranks of successful international dentists who have made the UK their professional home through the ORE pathway.

This guide represents information accurate as of August 2025. Always verify current requirements with the General Dental Council and other official sources before making decisions about your registration journey.